韩国培育出一种可富含GABA的巨胚黑糯大米品种——密阳263（Milyang 263）

据韩国《中央日报》2月10日报道，韩国农村振兴厅于9日表示，能有效治疗酒精中毒的用于治疗的大米(medirice)“密阳263号”（Milyang 263）被选育成功。密阳263号是黑糯米巨大胚芽大米。是把黑色的糯米“黑糯米”和胚芽巨大的“巨大胚芽”大米进行人工组配育成的品种，该品种的大米同时具备黑米、糯米和大型胚胎大米的特性。根据农村振兴厅新材料开发科和釜山大学医学院金星坤（音）教授组的共同研究，把这一品种的大米在糙米的状态下喂给呈酒精中毒症状的老鼠时，发现酒精摄取量减少了50%左右。以发芽糙米的状态食用该大米的老鼠，其酒精摄取量减少到65%。研究组称:“该大米中的神经传达物质‘伽玛氨基丁酸(GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID)( GABA)’成分的含量比普通大米多9倍”，“鉴于GABA含量越高、酒精摄取量越少的特点，研发出了该大米品种”。研究组还称：密阳263号中的抗氧化成分花青素(anthocyanin)和具备皮肤美白功能的谷维素（Gamma Oryzano）成分含量也比普通大米更多。农村振兴厅表示:“今后还将研发能缓解高血压及体内胆固醇的药用大米，还有具备抗衰老化功能的大米品种”。另据刊发在《Korean Journal of Breeding Science》上的题为“Agronomic and Chemical Properties of a New Black Waxy Giant Embryo Mutant, Milyang 263, in Rice (Oryza sativaL.)”论文介绍，密阳263原品种编号为YR25277-B-B-314-2，其种子被注册于韩国农业生物多样性中心（The National Agrobiodiversity Center, Republic of Korea），注册号为KACC98009P。该品种是由“Josaengheugchal”和“ge^t”(一种利用花药培养技术产生的巨胚突变体)杂交后经F5代选育而成的巨胚黑糯水稻突变体，千粒重为19.4克，2009年大田试验单产为每公顷4.49吨。文中实验表明，密阳263的胚是正常胚的2.3-2.8倍；每克中花青素含量为129毫克，Ca和Fe等含量分别为33.8和4.5 毫克，均为对照的两倍之多；在萌芽状态下，其GABA成份显著高于对照。文中还提及了我国科学家钱前等1996年前研究巨胚基因ge所作的贡献。相关阅读：（1）论文“Agronomic and Chemical Properties of a New Black Waxy Giant Embryo Mutant, Milyang 263, in Rice (Oryza sativaL.）”摘要：Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the world's population. Embryo comprises only 2 to 3% of the weight distribution of the entire pericarp but has higher concentration of vitamins, proteins, and essential fatty acids than the other parts of grains. Moreover, α-tocoperol, γ-oryzanol, phytic acid and γ-aminobutric acid that have nutraceutical value are abundant. Increasing the volume of embryo assures the fortification of nutritional value of rice grain. We developed new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263 by crossing Josaengheugchal, a black waxy rice variety, andge^t, a giant embryo mutant generated by tissue culture. The nutrient contents and physical properties of Milyang 263 were compared with several giant embryo mutants and normal embryo rice varieties. Changes in the nutrient properties after germination were also observed. Results indicated that this new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263, offers a promising source for improving nutritional quality of rice especially anthocyanin, essential minerals, and GABA.论文详细信息：http://www.cnrri.cn/zjww/Detail.aspx?id=20017147（2）韩国《中央日报》报道密阳263原文：